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Police Accountability in the United Kingdom 2005
Authors: Dr Rob Mawby and Dr Alan Wright, Keele University.
Part 1: The importance of police accountability
In order to understand the complex nature of police accountability in the United Kingdom, it is
necessary to map out the terrain of policing across three separate jurisdictions and to highlight a
number of themes.
From the outset, it is necessary to be clear about what we are referring to when talking about ‘the
police’ of the United Kingdom. The UK police are not a unitary body similar to the national police
forces that exist in many parts of the world.1 In England and Wales, 43 forces undertake territorial
policing on a geographical basis. In Scotland there are eight regional police forces. In Northern
Ireland, The Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) came into being in November 2001
following the recommendations of the Patten Commission on policing in the province.2 It replaced
the Royal Ulster Constabulary, which itself had been in operation since the disbandment of the
Royal Irish Constabulary in 1922.
In addition to the these forces, there are a..........................................................

Police Accountability in the United
Kingdom
External
(informal)
NGOs,

the media
Oversight
Bodies
HMIC,

AC, PSU
Redress
of grievances
(complaints
procedure)

Accountability
through
Performance
monitoring

Accountability
through
consultation

Organisational
accountability

By Neville Spykerman

MALAYSIA
SHAH ALAM, April 30 — A second witness has come forward to claim that Aminulrasyid Amzah did not reverse his car the morning he was shot dead by police, Shah Alam MP Khalid Samad (pic) said today.

He urged the police must “face up the truth” and reveal all that happened when the 14-year-old schoolboy died.

“It’s nonsensical for police to maintain he was shot while trying to reverse into them.” the Shah Alam PAS divisional leader said.

He disclosed that a second witness has claimed Aminul did not reverse his car nor was there a parang as reported in the press.

According to the police report by Zafrullah Ahmad Zainal Abidin, there was a series of loud explosions before the car crashed.

The 27-year-old, who lived next to the house where the car crashed in a drain, was at the scene when police searched it, and did not see anything being removed from it.

Khalid said the statement by Zafrullah was consistent with the first witness who was with Aminul in the car and contrary to initial press reports.

Khalid accompanied Zafrullah to the police station last night and said the witness statement was recorded by an investigation officer till 2am.

Khalid appealed for more witnesses to come forward so the ‘jigsaw of what actually happened can be pieced together, especially since the deceased and his family’s good name is still in doubt.

He also called on Selangor Police Chief Datuk Khalid Abu Bakar to withdraw his statement that politicians were trying to politicised the case.

“Those remarks are uncalled for. This is my constituency and I cannot just look away.” Khalid said.

He pointed out the police should be grateful because it was he that also brought the first witness to the police station to lodge his report on Monday night.

“We were elected to look into the welfare of the people, not just road and drains.”

He also lashed out at the Inspector General of Police for still blaming the schoolboy for the incident.

“Yes he committed an offence by driving without license but question remains on why he was shot in the head after the tyres of the car he was in were shot out.”

He said Tan Sri Musa Hassan should not try to divert the issue.

He also described Musa’s outburst — to call off his men, if the public was not happy — as unprofessional.

“He is paid to serve the people and if they want at explanation he cannot thumb his nose at the public.”

He acknowledged there were good cops who carry out a thankless job but added standards and an examples must be set

“We know the danger they face but breaches of standard operating procedures cannot be condoned”.

He said there has been other similar cases including single mother Norizan Sallehn, who was shot five times by police but who survived.

He also cited the case of A.Kugan who died in police custody and political aid Teoh Beng Hock who died after being questioned by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission as other questionable fatalities

involving the authorities.

“The police needs to bite the bullet, face up the truth and let this be the last case,” he concluded.

Moulton v Chief Constable of the West Midlands [2010] EWCA Civ 524 and background story from The Guardian 17 May 2010 in which the Court of Appeal have closed yet another avenue of accountability on what appears to be policy grounds. The newspaper article points, somewhat naively to an alternative form of redress of complaint to IPCC which on any objective analysis is a structurally flawed system of effective accountability.